PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS IN THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED TERRITORY - Научное сообщество
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Рік заснування видання - 2014

PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS IN THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED TERRITORY

21.12.2020 17:50

[Секция 2. Конституционное право. Конституционное процессуальное право. Международное право]

Автор: Moskovchuk Iryna Yaroslavivna, 3-rd year student Educational and Scientific Law Institute Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University


Russia's occupation of the Crimean peninsula in 2014 divided the history of modern international relations into «before» and «after». As a result of this international crime, Ukraine lost part of its territory and faced the need to direct all its diplomatic efforts and resources to gain the support of the international community and return the Crimean peninsula [1].

Understanding the complexity of the whole situation and the impossibility of returning the occupied territory in a short time, an important place is occupied by the problem of ensuring the fundamental constitutional rights of those citizens who are in the temporarily occupied territory.

The Constitution of Ukraine declares that human rights and freedoms are inalienable and inviolable. There may be no privileges or restrictions on the grounds of race, colour, political, religious or other beliefs, sex, ethnic or social origin, property status, place of residence, language or other characteristics. The state ensures the protection of all subjects of property rights and their equality before the law.

However, given the specifics of the new legal status of citizens of Ukraine in the occupied peninsula, there is a need to adopt a new legal act to protect the rights of citizens.

On a positive note, the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Ensuring the Rights and Freedoms of Citizens and the Legal Regime in the Temporarily Occupied Territory of Ukraine» of April 15, 2014 № 1207-VII, which aims to define the legal contours of humanitarian and socio-economic protection of Ukrainian citizens are on armed conflict and temporary occupation. The Law of Ukraine «On the Creation of a Free Economic Zone «Crimea» and on the Peculiarities of Carrying Out Economic Activity in the Temporarily Occupied Territory of Ukraine» of August 12, 2014 № 1636-VIII has a similar purpose. At the same time, it should be recognized that most of the provisions of these legal acts are declarative in nature and are not provided with an effective mechanism for legal protection of the interests of citizens [2]. 

Despite the political expediency of this step in Ukraine, some problematic aspects need immediate legislative regulation. In particular, the recognition of the established legal facts on the territory of the mainland of Ukraine within the temporarily occupied territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is debatable.

The fact is that according to Article 9 of the Law № 1207 any act of a state authority, local government, their officials and officials in the territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, which is issued not in accordance with current legislation of Ukraine is invalid and does not create legal consequences.

At the same time, we understand the realities of everyday life (birth of a child, marriage, education, death of an individual, reaching retirement age, etc.), all this requires a change in approach to legalizing the facts established in official documents of unconstitutional authorities in the temporarily occupied territory. Ukraine during their use. In addition, it would be appropriate to legislate the obligation of state authorities and local governments in Ukraine to recognize documents issued by the occupying authorities and administration in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the content of which confirms the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens of Ukraine guaranteed by Art. 21 - 68 of the Constitution of Ukraine in accordance with the norms of public international law.

According to the Resolution of the NBU Board «On revocation and revocation of banking licenses and general licenses for foreign exchange transactions of individual banks and the closure of separate units located in the ARC and the city of Sevastopol» № 260 of May 6, 2014 prohibited the provision of financial services by credit institutions clients whose domicile is the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. As a result, access and servicing of transactions on customer accounts performed by the bank was terminated. Again, citizens find themselves in a difficult situation, and the issue of cooperation between banking institutions needs to be addressed [3].

We can conclude that taking into account even the political necessity of law-making activities concerning the issues of the temporarily occupied territory and citizens, we should emphasize not only the formal, declarative guarantee of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, but also identify effective legal mechanisms for implementing these provisions subjects to ensure the constitutional rights of citizens of Ukraine in the process of regulating public life in the recent history of Ukraine. 

References: 

1. Webopedia /new media. URL: http:// www.webopedia.com/ TERM/new_media.html/.

2. Невідкладні заходи з протидії російській агресії з Криму: політичні, юридичні, економічні, управлінські та соціальні аспекти : матеріали науково-практичної конференції (4 вересня 2018 р., м. Київ). / Представництво Президента України в АРК. Київ-Одеса: Фенікс, 2018. 178 с.

3. Доля банков России в банковской системе Украины выросла до 12% // URL: http://delo.ua/finance/dolja-bankov-rossii- v-bankovskoj-sisteme-ukrainy-vyrosla-do-12-294854. 



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