BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRONIC VOTING IN UKRAINE - Наукові конференції
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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRONIC VOTING IN UKRAINE

23.12.2020 14:13

[Секція 2. Конституційне право. Конституційне процесуальне право. Міжнародне право]

Автор: Burshtynska Diana Ivanivna, 2nd-year student Educational and Scientific Law Institute Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University


According to Article 69 of the Constitution of Ukraine, popular will is exercised through elections, referendums and other forms of direct democracy, and part one of Article 38 of the Constitution of Ukraine (hereinafter - the Constitution, the Basic Law) gives citizens the right to participate in all-Ukrainian and local referendums [1].

One of the system-forming elements of the democratic political process is the institution of political elections. The formation of this institute reproduces the historical path of a long and controversial search by society for a better model of public administration.

One of the most important factors influencing the formation of a competitive society and political competition is civil society, because it is within its framework that the type of political culture necessary for political competition is formed. 

Political competition for the modern Ukrainian political establishment poses some danger, because the competitive political environment is unpredictable, and this, at this stage of political development of our state is unfavourable to the authorities.

Elections are an extremely complex phenomenon, based not only on legislation, the reception of international norms and a strong judicial system, but also on the mass psychology of voters, historical traditions, political culture in the country, economic and political situation, religious and moral strata, democratic values in the election process, etc.

The basis of the entire legal system of the state and the system of electoral legislation in particular is the Constitution of Ukraine.

The Electoral Code of Ukraine is a codified legislative act that determines the principles of holding various types of elections [2].

The Laws of Ukraine “On the All-Ukrainian Referendum”, “On the Central Election Commission”, “On the State Register of Voters”, etc. play a supporting role in this area.

With the adoption of the Electoral Code in 2019, completely new rules for counting votes were established. These innovations were first applied in practice in the local elections in October 2020 [2].

The main disadvantage of the new system is the counting of votes. Having personal experience in the precinct election commission, I would like to draw attention to the fact that the amendments to the election legislation, which regulated the possibility of a citizen to vote for the organization of a political party and at the same time for the respective candidate in the territorial constituency. self-government, where the number of voters is more than 10 thousand) are positive in terms of the fact that the community can choose its representative, but on the other hand in the practice of determining the election results takes a very long time.

The duration of this process is determined by various factors, firstly, the fact that on October 25, 2020 in Ukraine were held four types of local elections - regional council elections, district council elections, mayoral elections and city / village council elections. At each polling station, on average, about 1,800 people vote, including a turnout of 30-40 percent and about 700 elections take part in voting at each polling station. This means that members of the precinct election commission process 2,800 ballots.

Secondly, each ballot must be processed several times, because first you need to count the votes cast for the territorial list of the party organization, and then for a particular candidate. An alternative to this could be electronic voting. 

First of all, it should be noted that it is necessary to understand the electronic election process. We have already noted that the election process in the sense of the Electoral Code is defined as a set of actions of election commissions on the preparation and conduct of local elections.

In our opinion, since the longest process is the counting of election results, first of all, it is worth considering the possibility of introducing electronic technologies in this process.

It is worth noting that on March 7, 2018 in the West African country of Sierra Leone, the presidential election was held for the first time using blockchain technology in the voting system.

A blockchain is a secure and distributed database in which information is represented by chains of consecutive blocks. These blocks are stored on the computers of all users involved in the formation of the database. In the blockchain, each new block stores information about the previous ones, which serves as a kind of protection of the chain of blocks from forgery.

In preparation for the election, the Swiss startup Agora, which provided a private blockchain, took part. According to the developer of the system Leonardo Gammar, "Voting using a blockchain is completely anonymous.

Anonymous votes / ballots are recorded on the Agora blockchain and made available to any party interested in reviewing, counting and verifying, a record of each vote being stored in the blockchain, which will be available for download and study after the election.

The use of blockchain in elections further reduces the cost of paper ballots, helps reduce corruption in the voting process, eliminates human error and quick public access to election results (announce results more quickly), and helps make elections fair, transparent and verifiable.

References: 

1. Конституція України від 28.06.1996 р. зі змінами та доповненнями. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text. 

2. Виборчий кодекс України від 19.12.2019 р. зі змінами та доповненнями. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/396-20#Text. 



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